AIM - Anastomotic leakage is among the most common complications following gastrointestinal surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS - This study aimed to determine the effects of stem cells and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on anastomotic healing. The study included 60 rats that were randomly divided into 3 groups, each with 2 subgroups. The study included the control group (no treatment post anastomosis), the PRF group (PRF administered following anastomosis), and the PRF + stem cell group (PRF + stem cells administered following anastomosis). Anastomosis was performed at the descending colon in all groups. Anastomosis bursting pressure was determined, and histopathological and angiographic examination were performed on postoperative D 7. RESULTS - Intraabdominal adhesion was significantly more common in the control group. Anastomosis bursting pressure was significantly higher and angiogenesis was significantly more common in the PRF + stem cell group (P < 0.005). Based on histopathologic examination, vascular proliferation and inflammation were significantly more common in the PRF + stem cell group than in the control group (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION : In cases of risky gastrointestinal system anastomosis, PRF + stem cells might reduce the incidence of anastomotic healing.