Evaluation of free-to-total prostate specific antigen (F/T PSA), prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) and (F/T)/PSAD sensitivity on reduction of unnecessary prostate biopsies for patients with PSA in gray zone
Borivoj Milkovic 1, Zoran Dzamic 1,2, Tomislav Pejcic 1, Boris Kajmakovic 1, Dejan Nikolic 3, Dragana Cirovic 2,3, Tatjana Knezevic 3, Dragana Dzamic 3, Jovan Hadzi-Djokic 4
Affiliations
Article Info
1 Clinic of Urology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
3 Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Children’s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
4 Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
Abstract
AIM: We evaluated the influence of ratio between free-to-total prostate specific antigen (F/T PSA) and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD)-(F/T)/PSAD on reduction of unnecessary prostate biopsies in grey zone (prostate specific antigen (psa) value 4.0-10.0 ng/ml). METHODS: The study included 108 patients. For all patients serum total PSA (T PSA), free PSA (F PSA), F/T PSA and PSAD were analyzed. The group was divided due to the prostate volume into: entire group (regardless the prostate VOL-Group 1) and group with prostate VOL<40 (Group 2). RESULTS: Seventy five patients were diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 33 with prostate cancer (CaP). F/T PSA and (F/T)/PSAD showed significantly lower values in patients with CaP versus those with BPH, while PSAD had significantly higher values. For the cutoff values of 1.12 for (F/T)/PSAD, we found sensitivity to be 67% and specificity 60%, and the (AUC) 0.701. For patients with VOL<40, statistical significance remained with AUC of 0.732 (p=0.003), cutoff was 0.82, and with sensitivity 77% and specificity 68%. CONCLUSIONS: Most significant prostate carcinoma predictors were PSAD and (F/T)/PSAD, where we proposed that patients with (F/T)/PSAD values below 1.49 ± 0.94 and PSAD values above 0.17±0.06 should be included for biopsy.
Keywords
- Biopsy
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Prostate cancer
- Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
- Prostate specific antigen density (PSAD)
