Comparison between AIR, Alvarado and RIPASA scores in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in a Western population. A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

AIM: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate raja isteri pengiran anak saleha appendicitis (RIPASA) score in the italian population with histopathologic diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) compared to appendicitis response inflammatory (AIR) and Alvarado scores.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Included were patients who had undergone appendectomy for AA from 01/01/2017 to 31/12/2019 in the General and Emergency Surgery of the San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital (Rome, Italy) in whome it was possible to calculate AIR, Alvarado and RIPASA scores at admission.

RESULTS: We retrospectively analyzed 369 patients; a total of 320 patients (86.7%) were histologically confirmed. At a cut-off ≥7.5, the RIPASA score showed a sensitivity of 90.9%, a specificity of 63.3%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.2%, a negative predictive value (NPV) of 51.7% and a diagnostic accuracy of 87.3%; the area under curve values for RIPASA was greater than that of AIR and Alvarado scores (0.851 vs 0.796 vs 0.766, respectively).

DISCUSSION: The pre-operative diagnosis of AA is often a challenge for the surgeon. To reduce negative appendectomies, many preoperative diagnostic scores have been designed: the RIPASA score has shown better sensitivity and specificity in asian and middle-eastern populations better sensitivity and specificity.

CONCLUSIONS: The RIPASA score is a useful tool to aid in the diagnosis of AA in the Italian population. At a value of ≥7.5, RIPASA demonstrated a high-sensitivity, a PPV and diagnostic accuracy in our cohort and was more accurate than AIR and Alvarado scores.